While we know quite a bit about the formation and composition of the planets and other bodies in our solar system, there are mony open questions. For example, as with the Earth, the chemical compositions and especially oxidation levels of the moon, asteroids, Mars, and other planets will determine which minerals will be present. In addition, chemical analysis of precious samples such as meteorites, asteroids, and comets can give invaluable information about the composition of the early solar system.
Astro- and Geochemists use the SEES beamlines for non-destructive analysis of the physical and chemical states of samples from many NASA missions that have returned samples from the moon, comets, and asteroids.